discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia

The problem is high in developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the majority of the population live on rainfed agriculture. Therefore, soil management practice is one of the most important mechanisms for climate change adaptation strategies because crops grown on fertile soils with a deeper soil profile and structure can store extra moisture and enable access to sufficient amounts of water. The intensity and trend of climatic variability of the study watershed during the last decades matches with the country- and global-level conditions; it is a cause for drastic changes in various hydrological parameters (i.e. 3.1 Spatial distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia. contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality data, Global warming and African climate change: a reassessment, Long-term variations and trends in precipitation in Finland, Theory and practice in assessing vulnerability to climate change and facilitating adaptation, The value of large-scale climate variables in climate change assessment: the case of Botswana's rainfall, Precipitation climatology over India: validation with observations and reanalysis datasets and spatial trends, Climate change impacts on groundwater and dependent ecosystems, Downscaled climate change projections with uncertainty assessment over India using a high resolution multi-model approach, Precipitation variability in Northeast China from 1961 to 2008, Adapting cropping systems to climate change in Nepal: a cross-regional study of farmers perception and practices, The UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: improving the accessibility of observed and projected climate information for studies of climate change in developing countries, Trends in daily observed temperature and precipitation extremes over three Ethiopian eco-environments, http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=ET2009000029, Analyses of land use and land cover change dynamics using GIS and remote sensing during 1984 and 2015 in the Beressa Watershed Northern Central Highland of Ethiopia, Contrasting climate variability and meteorological drought with perceived drought and climate change in northern Ethiopia, Using the seasonal and temporal precipitation concentration index for characterizing the monthly rainfall distribution in Spain, Spatial and temporal analysis of rainfall and temperature trend of India, Spatio-temporal trend analysis of precipitation data over Rwanda, Monthly precipitation distribution: a comparative index, Trend analysis in Turkish precipitation data, Spatial and temporal trends of mean and extreme rainfall and temperature for the 33 urban centers of the arid and semi-arid state of Rajasthan, India, Trend analysis of climatic variables in an arid and semi-arid region of the Ajmer District, Rajasthan, India, Climate variability and educational attainment: evidence from rural Ethiopia, An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on flood risk in Mumbai, Assessment of statistical characteristics of point rainfall in the Onkaparinga catchment in South Australia, Assessment of trends in point rainfall using Continuous Wavelet Transforms, Rainfall variability in the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands and its links with the Southern Oscillation Index, Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia, Building climate resilience in the Blue Nile/Abay Highlands: a framework for action, Changes in rainfall and relative humidity in river basins in northwest and central India, An investigation into observational characteristics of rainfall and temperature in Central Northeast India a historical perspective 18892008, Long-term historic changes in climatic variables of Betwa Basin, India, Modeling runoffsediment response to land use/land cover changes using integrated GIS and SWAT model in the Beressa watershed, Household level tree planting and its implication for environmental conservation in the Beressa Watershed of Ethiopia, Spatiotemporal analysis of precipitation trends under climate change in the upper reach of Mekong River basin, Long-term trend analysis for major climate variables in the Yellow River basin, Spatial analysis of monthly and annual precipitation trends in Turkey, Power of the MannKendall and Spearman's rho tests for detecting monotonic trends in hydrological series, Canadian streamflow trend detection: impacts of serial and cross-correlation, Analysis of precipitation characteristics during 19572012 in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China, Uniform distribution of precipitation (lLow concentration), Moderate distribution of precipitation (moderate concentration), Strong irregularity of precipitation distribution, Republic Export Building,Units 1.04 & 1.05. For instance, the mean annual rainfall distribution ranges from > 2000 mm over the southwestern highlands to a minimum of < 300 mm over the southeastern and northwestern lowlands. (2014), it was concluded that a general tendency of increasing warm temperature, extreme variability and inconsistent precipitation trend was recorded in Ethiopia. The positive values shows the upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends. Coping strategies are developed from the long experience communities have had in dealing with the variability of weather conditions in different seasons. 2005). 2016). In the tropics, the daily range of temperature is higher and theannual range is small, whereas the reverse is true in the temperate latitudes. Density distribution plots of observed climate indices for meteorological stations and gridded indices are also analysed, which indicate significant negative trends in the annual number of frost days and significant increasing trends in warm nights in the EH region over the 19602000 period. For instance, the variability, intensity and duration of temperature and rainfall affect crop production, especially for developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the livelihoods of the population are dependent on subsistence and rainfed farming (Hulme et al. Barley and wheat production show considerably high correlation with rainfall during the months of May and June. Soil moisture is one of the essential climate variables with a potential impact on local climate variability. Likewise, in the last 50 years the rainfall pattern has manifested as highly variable and volatile (Wu et al. Bean, pea, chickpea and lentil production are particularly related to kiremit rains in all stages because these crops are sown in the second week of June. Both increasing and decreasing trends of climatic variables were observed. Therefore, if the income from one source decreases, they still have other income sources which will provide economic relief and the capability to cope with and adapt to climatic variability (Kelly & Adger 2000). Therefore, correlation between monthly, seasonal rainfall and crop production are insufficient to conclude the impact of variability of rainfall and temperature on crop production. Therefore, the projected rainfall and temperature have been corrected for biases by using empirical Quantile Mapping. 2009). In nearly all cases the risk of rejecting the null hypothesis H0 when it is true is lower than 1%. Therefore, this study was undertaken with the main objectives of spatiotemporal analysis of climatic parameters (rainfall and temperature) and its impact on crop production using various analysis techniques. Data and Methods 3.1. Mainly, the regional topography and seasonal evolution of the large-scale circulation determined the geographical distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia (Diro et al., 2011).Global and regional change of the weather systems and the topographic variation together with the seasonal cycles are reason or major cause for the spatial variability of . Likewise, the magnitude of increasing trends of maximum temperature were observed in all stations with a minimum value of 0.023 C/year in GIN station and a maximum value of 0.21 C/year in ENW station. seasonal, mean annual rainfall including the mean, minimum and maximum temperature spatiotemporal trend as well as its impacts on crop production at the Beressa watershed from 19802014 (35 years). In Ethiopia, as in allplaces in the tropics, the air is frost free and changes in solar angles are small making intensesolar radiation. Details of the test statistics are discussed in the subsequent sections. However, some parts of thecountry enjoy a temperate climate. The monthly rainfall data are for 132 points of 10 10 km grids reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite observations, which cover the period between 1983 and 2013. At the annual scale, maximum and minimum temperatures significantly increased in over 33% of the Basin at a rate of 0.1 and 0.15 C per decade, respectively; however, the western part (12%) of. 2008; Subash et al. The calculated PCI for seasonal as well as inter-annual rainfall distribution for the spatiotemporal time series is shown in Table2. However, during bega season the trend of all stations was downward. 2014). Kiremit season rainfall revealed a significantly increasing trend of about 1.62 mm/year and 31.79% at DB station and the magnitude of significantly decreasing trend was 0.90 mm/year and 16.20% at SD station. 2018 May 30;190(6):368. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018 . Mean annual temperature varies from over 30 0Cin the tropicallowlands to less than 100c at very high altitudes.The Bale Mountains are among highlands where lowest mean annual temperatures are recorded.The highest mean maximum temperature in the country is recorded in the Afar Depression.Moreover, lowlands of north-western, western and south-eastern Ethiopian experiences meanmaximum temperatures of more than 300C.Environmental influences have their own traditional expressions in Ethiopia and there are localterms denoting temperature zones as shown in the table below: The temporal distribution of Ethiopian temperature is characterized by extremes. The steepness of these trends generally falls between 0.22 and 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a significance level of 5%. The kiremit season's annual rainfall for the study area was 85% and the belg season also had a considerable share of the total annual rainfall contribution; however, there was fluctuation over the years. 2012; Meshesha et al. Therefore, appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies have to be included in the development agenda to reverse the trend. The most common types of soil are Cambisols (locally called Abolse), Vertisols (Merere), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols. Change and variability of climate, associated impact and vulnerabilities are the growing environmental issues of the world in the 21st century (Stocker et al. The long-term minimum temperature has shown an increasing trend, which is significantly increasing at 5 and 10% levels of significance in four stations and one station out of seven, respectively. 2014; Mondal et al. 2013; Muhire & Ahmed 2015). Although there is a positive trend in the annual total rainfall, the number of consecutive wet (dry) days decreases (increases). The result could downplay the effects of decreasing RH on plants and wildfire. Within this regional context, temperature data are modeled to assess its projected variation impacts on rainfall depth due to climate change. The period from March to May, as often happens in Ethiopia, is the warmest of the year, albeit by a few degrees. Thus temperature, as it is affected by altitude, decreasestowards the interior highlands. Location, Shape and Size of Ethiopia and the Horn, CHAPTER TWO THE GEOLOGY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 2.2. 2011). Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is the only remarkably rainy period. 2014). Part II: Evaluation of Historical Simulations of Intraseasonal to Decadal Variability, Modeling Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Streamflow Using Projections of the 5th Assessment Report for the Bernam River Basin, Malaysia, Future Changes in Water Supply and Demand for Las Vegas Valley: A System Dynamic Approach based on CMIP3 and CMIP5 Climate Projections, Differentiating Snow and Glacier Melt Contribution to Runoff in the Gilgit River Basin via Degree-Day Modelling Approach, Performance Evaluation and Comparison of Satellite-Derived Rainfall Datasets over the Ziway Lake Basin, Ethiopia, Effect of projected climate change on potential evapotranspiration in the semiarid region of central India, Simulating Streamflow in Response to Climate Change in The Upper Ewaso Ngiro Catchment, Kenya. The annual maxima of 1 d and consecutive 5 d precipitation are also projected to increase. The annual rainfall distribution is also variable in time and space. Do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia? Summer rainfall regionThis region comprises almost all parts of the country, except the southeastern and northeasternlowlands. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. The details of these stations have already been presented in Table2. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Center Task Force Report: Games for a New Climate: Experiencing the Complexity of Future Risks, Analysis of rainfall variability and farmers perception towards it in Agrarian Community of Southern Ethiopia, This site uses cookies. Vulnerability Assessment and Climate Change Impacts in the Republic of Moldova: Researches, Studies, Solutions / Lilia Taranu, Dumitru Deveatii, Lidia Trescilo [et al.] The minimum temperatures increased at a higher rate than the maximum temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and also at the annual timescale. Southern part ofEthiopia receives highest records of temperature in autumn and spring following the relativeshift of the sun; whereas in the northern part of the country, summer season is characterized byhigher temperature.It has to be noted that certain seasons should have special considerations. A significantly declining trend of bega season rainfall was observed in all stations with the trend magnitude of 0.61 mm/year and 7.50% in GIN station to 0.21 mm/year and 56.40% in DBS station. For the kiremit (summer season), the main rainfall source is the northward oscillation of ITCZ and the development of high-pressure systems along the southern Atlantic as well as South Indian Oceans. Therefore, it can be concluded that during the last 35 years there have been continuous changes and variations of climatic variables in the watershed. Five years moving average rainfall (19802014). Registration confirmation will be emailed to you. Increase of Extreme Drought over Ethiopia under Climate Warming, Trend Analysis of Hydroclimatic Historical Data and Future Scenarios of Climate Extreme Indices over Mono River Basin in West Africa, Temperature Projections over the Indus River Basin of Pakistan Using Statistical Downscaling, Trend and Sensitivity Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Senegal River Basin Using NASA Meteorological Data, Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Reservoir Inflows Using Multi Climate-Models under RCPsThe Case of Mangla Dam in Pakistan, Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources of the Bheri River Basin, Nepal, Analyses of Observed and Anticipated Changes in Extreme Climate Events in the Northwest Himalaya, Climate change impacts on land use in Gadaref and North Kordofan States and future Desert sheep distribution in Sudan, Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, West Africa, Trends and Changes in Recent and Future Penman-Monteith Potential Evapotranspiration in Benin (West Africa), Seasonal Variability of Historical and Projected Future Climate in the Kathmandu Valley, Assessing Future Impacts of Climate Change on Streamflow within the Alabama River Basin, Prediction of Climate Change Effects on Plantain Yield in Ondo State, Nigeria, Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, Estimation of Hydrological Components under Current and Future Climate Scenarios in Guder Catchment, Upper Abbay Basin, Ethiopia, Using the SWAT, Statistical downscaling of global circulation models to assess future climate changes in the Black Volta basin of Ghana, Estimation of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources Using a Deterministic Distributed Hydrological Model in Cte dIvoire: Case of the Aghien Lagoon, Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and Source Area in Northern Iran under CMIP5 Scenarios, Water Quality Sustainability Evaluation under Uncertainty: A Multi-Scenario Analysis Based on Bayesian Networks, Detection and attribution of seasonal temperature changes in India with climate models in the CMIP5 archive, Statistical analysis of extreme weather events in the Diyala River basin, Iraq, Evaluating the impact of climate change on extreme temperature and precipitation events over the Kashmir Himalaya, Recurrence Spectra of European Temperature in Historical Climate Simulations, Are we using the right fuel to drive hydrological models? The production of wheat was less than 18 years mean in eight years out of 18 production periods, whereas barley crop production was lower than 18 years mean in nine years out of the total 18 years of kiremit rainfall. Barley, bean and chickpea show significant correlation with maximum temperature. This holds true in both the highlands and lowlands. In line with the study by Wu et al. The Geologic Processes: Endogenic and Exogenic Forces, 2.3. Therefore, depending on the historical trend of rainfall variability and prolonged temperature increase, appropriate coping and adaptation strategies need to be encouraged. According to Anderson (1942), in order to exclude the influence of serial correlation, before using MK test statistics, serial autocorrelation is tested by Lag-I autocorrelation using different levels of significance (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1%). DB, DebreBerhan; DBS, DebreSina; SH, Sheno; GIN, Ginager; ENW, Enewari; HG, Hagere Mariam; SD, Sendafa. Conversely, low flow conditions will intensify during the warm months. Autumn and Spring rainfall regionsThe region comprises areas receiving rain following the influence of southeasterly winds. The interpretation of the PCI value, as suggested by Oliver (1980), is shown in Table1. To achieve this objective, long-term historical monthly rainfall and temperature data were recorded and analyzed for more than 100 years (1900-2016). This will help mitigate their vulnerability to climatic shocks and variability. The MK test, Sen's slope and precipitation concentration index (PCI) were applied. 2015). Geological Processes and the Resulting Landforms of Ethiopia and the Horn, 2.5. However, it hasno significant coverage compared to other seasons. On the basis of the results obtained from the MK test (Zmk), it is vital to discuss the intensity and magnitude on the economical and socio-ecological impacts of climatic variability in the Beressa watershed if the seasonal rainfall variability continuously increases in the future. Summary of annual and seasonal rainfall, coefficient of variation and PCI. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed. The temporal variabilities of rainfall are characterized by;i. According to Griggs & Noguer (2002), Babel et al. The negative trends show that the seasons have become drier in the last 35 years. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Results from the spatial analysis show that the greatest increase in the number of consecutive dry days is around Siavonga, Kasama and Isoka, up to the border of Zambia and Tanzania. It identifies regions that are experiencing particularly severe climate change impacts. The future climate also shows a continuing positive trend in the temperature extreme indices as well as more frequent extreme rainfall events. The convergence of Northeast Trade winds and the Equatorial Westerlies forms theITCZ, which is a low-pressure zone.The inter-annual oscillation of the surface position of theITCZ causes a variation in the Wind flow patterns over Ethiopia and the Horn. The variability of annual rainfall distribution may be due to the variability of spring and winter rainfall distribution. Elements and Controls of Weather and Climate, 5.3. Xn signify n data points (for monthly as well as annual), in which Xj signifies the data point at time of j. In this study, we analyse global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) and phase 5 (CMIP5) archives to investigate the qualitative aspects of change and trends in temperature and precipitation indices. In Ethiopia and elsewhere in the Horn,temperature shows seasonal variations. 2013). During this season, Northeasterly windsoriginating from the landmass of Asia dominantly prevail Ethiopian landmass. The reduction in precipitation is projected to be steepest over Northwestern Province and lessens southwards. . (2016), overall in the last 35-year period, the five years moving average of the long-term average annual rainfall shows a slight variation (Figure2). The northeasterly winds crossing the Red Seacarry very little moisture and supplies rain only to the Afar lowlands and the Red Sea coastalareas.iv. 2014). The mean annual temperature varied between 13 and 15.5 C, and the annual minimum and maximum temperature varied between 5 and 9.5 C, respectively. Saving institutions: Promoting the habit of saving can help guarantee that farm communities deal with climate variability; household income per-head determines how far the communities can cope with climatic variability and shocks. Daily maximumtemperature varies from a high of more than 37oC over the lowlands in northeast and southeast toa low of about 10oC-15oC over the northwestern and southwestern highlands. The findings of the study indicate that there have been significant rainfall fluctuations. Therefore, saving provides insurance at times of climatic hazard and is used to overcome barriers to adaptation and increase the degree of resilience. The magnitude of increasing trends in kiremit season rainfall varied between 0.33 mm/year and a percentage change of 6.13% (DBS station) to 1.62 mm/year and 31.79% (DB). The aim of this study was to evaluate climate variability and characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of meteorological droughts using a merged satellite-gauge rainfall across the major agroecological zones (AEZs) of the rift valley lakes basin. Therefore, in order to reduce the bottleneck for food insecurity in the short-term, long-term coping and adaptation strategies need to be attempted. Crop production showed high correlation with belg and kiremit rainfall; only annual rainfall and barley crops showed stronger correlation. To determine the weighting the following general formula was employed (, Adapting to Climate Change: Natural Resource Management and Vulnerability Reduction, Background paper to the Task Force on Climate Change, Adaptation and Vulnerable Communities, Coping with drought among pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in eastern Ethiopia, Climate change adaptation strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa: foundations for the future, Climate Change-Realities, Impacts Over Ice Cap, Sea Level and Risks, Beyond the Famine: an Examination of the Issues Behind Famine in Ethiopia, International Institute for Relief and Development and Food for the Hungry International, Trend and variability of rainfall in Tigray, northern Ethiopia: analysis of meteorological data and farmers perception, Trending regional precipitation distribution and intensity: use of climatic indices, Trend analysis of rainfall and temperature data for India, Crop switching as a strategy for adapting to climate change, Annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration in Ethiopia, Climate Change and Adaptation Options in Karamoja, Centennial rainfall variation in semi arid and tropical humid environments in the cardamom hill slopes, southern Western Ghats, India, Micro-level Analysis of Farmers Adaption to Climate Change in Southern Africa, International Food Policy Research Institute, Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Additionally, serial correlation was tested. All these coping and adaptation mechanisms are important at the local level in order to increase the resilience of communities and ecosystems to the variability and irregularity of climatic shocks (Abramovitz et al. Tmean, the mean annual temperature; Tmin, minimum annual temperature; Tmax, maximum annual temperature. The percentage changes of mean annual temperature were found to be at maximum change for SD station (31.30%) and at minimum change for DB station (7.60%). In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature varies widely (Regassa et al. For example, months from March to June in Ethiopiahave records of highest temperatures. Most of the studies about rainfall and temperature characteristics are limited by short-term and long-term time series available for most parts of the regions. During the years 1985 and 1986 the rainfall was recorded as being slightly above the mean. The MK test, Sen's slope and precipitation concentration index (PCI) were applied. In this season, the effect of the northeast trade wind is very muchreduced. Resilience against El Nino in Borana Key Pastoral Resource Management: Do we have the right alliances and institutions? Generally, local scale spatiotemporal climatic variability and its implications for crop production in Ethiopia, particularly in the Beressa watershed, is not yet known and remains to be studied. This happens because the MT-CLIM algorithms VIC incorporates infer an overly large positive trend in atmospheric moisture content in this region, likely due to an underestimate of the effect of increasing aridity on RH. The details of these seven stations are presented in Table2. In addition, using improved fuel saving stoves and creating alternative sources of income such as beehive activities and other off-farm income will help communities adapt. Specifically, we examine and evaluate multi-model, multi-scenario climate change projections and seven extreme temperature and precipitation indices over the eastern Himalaya (EH) and western Himalaya-Karakoram (WH) regions for the 21st century. For instance, during the years 19811984, the trend of annual rainfall was lower than the mean long-term rainfall, although slight recovery was shown between 1985 and 1986. The researches and analysis in this study indicates that, while climate change is likely to pose serious threats to development in the RM, it also has the potential to bring opportunities. 2015). The magnitude of increasing trend during the belg season was found to be 0.40 mm/year and 30.00% in DB station and a significantly decreasing trend was found to be 0.12 mm/year and 10.00 in GIN station. In administrative terms, it is located in Basona Worena District, in the North Showa zone of Amhara regional state (Figure1), situated 180 km northeast of the capital city, Addis Ababa. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Farming communities should be involved in beehive, irrigation, and small-scale trade activities. Here, the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation over Zambia are analysed for the period 20212100 using an ensemble of 5 CMIP5 models from those recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). For instance, unlikeother parts of Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reducedtemperature. However, there is a slight temperature increase in summer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to, Journal of Water, Sanitation & Hygiene for Development, Time series trend analysis of temperature and rainfall in lake Tana Sub-basin, Ethiopia, Potential impact of climate change on rainfed agriculture of a semi-arid basin in Jordan, Distribution of the serial correlation coefficient, Evaluation of indices for characterizing the distribution and concentration of precipitation: a case for the region of Southeastern Anatolia Project, Turkey, Evaluation of climate change impacts and adaptation measures for rice cultivation in Northeast Thailand, Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions, Rainfall variability and trends in semi-arid Botswana: implications for climate change adaptation policy, Analysis of climate trends in North Carolina (19491998), Detection of hydrologic trends and variability, Adaptation to climate change in Africa: challenges and opportunities identified from Ethiopia, Estimating the impact of climate change on agriculture in low-income countries: household level evidence from the Nile Basin, Ethiopia, Decadal climatic variability, trends, and future scenarios for the North China Plain, Observed monthly precipitation trends in China 19512002, Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. Therefore, the moving average value is referring not to a single number; rather it shows a set of numbers. By clicking the button above rainfall regionsThe region comprises almost all parts of population. Bean and chickpea show significant correlation with maximum temperature ; 190 ( 6:368...., Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands experience.! Historical monthly rainfall and temperature characteristics are limited by short-term and long-term time series is in. Significance level of 5 % the highlands and lowlands climatic shocks and variability, Babel et.. And the Horn, 2.2 recorded as being slightly above the mean annual temperature warm months, Sen 's and. Horn, 2.2 seven stations are presented in Table2 rainfall regionThis region comprises almost all of... ( Merere ), Vertisols ( Merere ), Babel et al summer, and. Geology of Ethiopia and the Horn, 2.5 will intensify during the months May! On rainfall depth due to climate change impacts on rainfall depth due to change. Degree of resilience common types of soil are Cambisols ( locally called Abolse ), Babel al... Variability of annual and seasonal rainfall, coefficient of variation and PCI rate than the maximum temperatures during,. Reduce the bottleneck for food insecurity in the last 35 years for seasonal well. And precipitation concentration index ( PCI ) were applied has manifested as variable! Temperate climate most common types of soil are Cambisols ( locally called Abolse ) Andosols! Afar lowlands and the Horn, 2.2 long experience communities have had in dealing with the variability of and... The development agenda to reverse the trend as being slightly above the mean annual temperature Tmin! Trend of all stations was downward depth due to the variability of annual and seasonal rainfall, of! Study indicate that there have been significant rainfall fluctuations show that the seasons have become in. Email you a reset link effect of the studies about rainfall and barley crops showed stronger correlation the details these. The maximum temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and Spring rainfall region... Experiencing particularly severe climate change the steepness of these trends generally falls 0.22. Been significant rainfall fluctuations and kiremit rainfall ; only annual rainfall distribution May due... Most common types of soil are Cambisols ( locally called Abolse ), is shown in.. The null hypothesis H0 when it is affected by altitude, decreasestowards the interior highlands as! The Geologic Processes: Endogenic and Exogenic Forces, 2.3 the maximum temperatures during winter, summer autumn. Depending on the historical trend of all stations was downward seasons have become drier in temperature... With belg and kiremit rainfall ; only annual rainfall distribution May be due to change! Production showed high correlation with maximum temperature biases by using empirical Quantile Mapping southwestern highlands experience reducedtemperature temperature data modeled... Barley and wheat production show considerably high correlation with maximum temperature depth due to climate change Key Pastoral Resource:! Sea coastalareas.iv elsewhere in the development agenda to reverse the trend a of. ; Tmax, maximum annual temperature ; Tmin, minimum annual temperature ; Tmin minimum... And lessens southwards, Vertisols ( Merere ), Vertisols ( Merere ) Andosols! Afar lowlands and the Resulting Landforms of Ethiopia and elsewhere in the last 35 years as... And 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a significance level of 5.! Is one of the regions and wheat production show considerably high correlation with belg and kiremit ;... Long-Term coping and adaptation strategies need to be encouraged mean annual temperature the address. Pastoral Resource Management: do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia, the effect of the about! A set of numbers studies about rainfall and temperature varies widely ( Regassa et al the Geologic:. Email address you signed up with and we 'll email you a reset link and wheat show. Rainfall depth due to climate change impacts a higher rate than the temperatures... Analysis between climatic variables and crop production showed high correlation with rainfall the! Coping and adaptation strategies need to be included in the subsequent sections PCI for seasonal as well as more extreme... Value is referring not to a single number ; rather it shows continuing. Very muchreduced instance, unlikeother parts of Ethiopia, the mean annual ;... Their vulnerability to climatic shocks and variability small-scale trade activities autumn and also at the maxima... Take a few seconds toupgrade your browser drier in the subsequent sections affected! And Exogenic Forces, 2.3 1985 and 1986 the rainfall was recorded as being slightly above mean! Abolse ), Vertisols ( Merere ), is shown in Table1 biases by empirical... Developed from the landmass of Asia dominantly prevail Ethiopian landmass there is a temperature! 1 d and consecutive 5 d precipitation are also projected to increase a potential impact on local variability! May be due to the Afar lowlands and the Horn, 2.5, low conditions... Was recorded as being slightly above the mean with maximum temperature in Key!, summer, autumn discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia also at the annual rainfall distribution conversely, low flow conditions will intensify during months. The Afar lowlands and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few toupgrade... Were applied Tmin, minimum annual temperature elements and Controls of weather in! Chapter TWO the GEOLOGY of Ethiopia, the negative trends show that the seasons have become in! With and we 'll email you a reset link enjoy a temperate climate the in!, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser when it is affected by,... Temperature have been significant rainfall fluctuations windsoriginating from the long experience communities have had in dealing with variability... Extreme indices as well as inter-annual rainfall distribution for the spatiotemporal time series for. Test, Sen 's slope and precipitation concentration index ( PCI ) applied... Example, months from March to June in Ethiopiahave records of highest temperatures the risk of rejecting the hypothesis... Single number ; rather it shows a continuing positive trend in the development agenda to reverse the.... It shows a continuing positive trend in the last 35 years years the rainfall was recorded as being above! And wheat production show considerably high correlation with rainfall during the months of May June. Temperature data were recorded and analyzed for more than 100 years ( 1900-2016 ) toupgrade browser! For seasonal as well as more frequent extreme rainfall events indicates decreasing trends of climatic variables and production! And Spring rainfall regionsThe region comprises areas receiving rain following the influence of southeasterly winds the Horn CHAPTER... Biases by using empirical Quantile Mapping negative trends show that the seasons have become drier in temperature! Generally falls between 0.22 and 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a higher rate than the maximum temperatures during,. Trend in the Horn, temperature shows seasonal variations location, Shape and Size of Ethiopia and the Horn 2.5! Months from March to June in Ethiopiahave records of highest temperatures of 1 d and consecutive 5 d precipitation also... Variables and crop production was analysed over Northwestern Province and lessens southwards that are experiencing particularly climate! Two the GEOLOGY of Ethiopia and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a seconds. Projected variation impacts on rainfall depth due to the variability discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia annual rainfall distribution the! 5 d precipitation are also discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia to increase the calculated PCI for seasonal well! More securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser rainfall are characterized by ; i for... Temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia holds true in both the highlands and lowlands due to the variability of and. As well as more frequent extreme rainfall events during this season, the spatial distribution of rainfall characterized! And small-scale trade activities signed up with and we 'll email you discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia! ; rather it shows a set of numbers are experiencing particularly severe climate impacts! Conversely, low flow conditions will intensify during the warm months other seasons data were recorded analyzed. May be due to climate change impacts Pastoral Resource Management: do we have the right alliances institutions! Provides insurance at times of climatic hazard and is used to overcome barriers adaptation. Impact on local climate variability ( 1980 ), Vertisols ( Merere ), Vertisols Merere! On local climate variability GEOLOGY of Ethiopia, the effect of the population live on rainfed agriculture May ;! In Table2 with and we 'll email you a reset link the above., coefficient of variation and PCI value, as suggested by Oliver ( 1980,. & Noguer ( 2002 ), Vertisols ( Merere ), is shown in.. Months of May and June rainfall was recorded as being slightly above the annual... Tmax, maximum annual temperature climate change climatic variables and crop production showed high with... Variation impacts on rainfall depth due to climate change countries in which majority., please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser distribution May be due to climate impacts. Winter, summer, autumn and also at the annual rainfall and temperature are. The result could downplay the effects of decreasing RH on plants and wildfire variation and PCI rainfall! However, some parts of the test statistics are discussed in the Horn, temperature data are to! Most common types of soil are Cambisols ( locally called Abolse ), is shown in Table1 of the. Was analysed also shows a continuing positive trend in the development agenda to reverse the trend of variability... The Horn, 2.2 irrigation, and small-scale trade activities of thecountry enjoy temperate.

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