friedrich scharnhorst

[4], Scharnhorst had an armor belt that was 350mm (13.8in) thick in the central portion, where it protected the ship's ammunition magazines and propulsion machinery spaces. During the Battle of the North Cape (26 December 1943), the Royal Navy battleship HMSDuke of York and her escorts sank Scharnhorst. Try again later. Even Clausewitz, his most adoring student openly commented on the matter: Scharnhorsts speech was actually clumsyA long-winded, vague, and halting speaker was the first impressionElegant society, not excepting some able and intelligent men, considered him a dry scholar and pedant; the army took him for an indecisive, impractical, unmilitary scribbler.[8]. Such an officer might even present a danger to the organization and the commander he was assigned to support. Many of these hits had badly damaged the ship's secondary armament, which left her open to destroyer attacks, which Fraser ordered. Napoleon expected that a series of fast defeats and costly battles would knock either Russia or Prussia out of the war, but they did not falter. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. There she joined Gneisenau, in preparation for Operation Berlin, a planned raid into the Atlantic Ocean designed to wreak havoc on the Allied shipping lanes. For the defense of his tiny country, Count Wilhelm relied mostly on his and his officers ability to resist foreign invasion and seizure of the states fortresses. Bey planned to attack the convoy at 10:00 on 26 December if the conditions were favorable for the attack. The torpedoes slowed Scharnhorst to 12 knots (22km/h; 14mph), which allowed Duke of York to close to 9,100m (10,000yd). Scharnhorst detected the cruisers with her aft radar and opened fire with her main battery guns before turning away to disengage a second time. The convoy was spotted again two days later, and it was determined that the course was definitively toward the Soviet Union. Scharnhorst was appointed to helm the Institute in the Military Science for Young Infantry and Cavalry Officers in Berlin, perhaps better known as the Kriegsakademie. This account has been disabled. In early April, Scharnhorst, Tirpitz, and nine destroyers conducted a training mission to Bear Island in the Arctic Ocean. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. Admiral Burnett, commanding the three cruisers Norfolk, Belfast, and Sheffield escorting Convoy JW 55B, placed his ships between the convoy and Scharnhorst's expected direction of attack. The explosion killed or injured 34 men and prompted the crew to flood the magazines for turret Caesar as a precaution against a magazine explosion. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1989. Geni requires JavaScript! Found more than one record for entered Email, You need to confirm this account before you can sign in. Two men were killed and fifteen were injured in the attack. [57] On 22 September, a pair of British X-craft mini-submarines attacked and seriously damaged Tirpitz,[58] which reduced the Arctic Task Force to Scharnhorst and her five escorting destroyers. [25] They also sank the two destroyers. [17] Henry Kissinger, A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh, and the Problems of Peace, 1812-1822 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1973), 49. Unlike his more famous student Clausewitz, he preferred composing short essays and often sought to publish them quickly as a way to engage in ongoing debates. The two ships then refueled from the tankers Uckermark and Ermland on 12 March. Though the text is just two paragraphs long, it represents some of his most enduring concepts. Yet Napoleons general staff remained an organization built around his personal needs, without continuity and authority of its own. Estorff recognized Scharnhorsts talents and appointed the young officer as an instructor at the regimental school he had created in 1770. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. Scharnhorst fired a salvo from turret Caesar before turning and increasing speed to disengage from the cruisers. General Gerhard von Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz and Father of the Prussian-German General Staff. Canadian Defense Forces Publication. They were detected in the Skagerrak and the heavy units of the British Home Fleet deployed to cover the passage between Iceland and the Faroes. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. [70] Shortly thereafter, another 14in shell struck the ventilation trunk attached to Bruno, which caused the turret to be flooded with noxious propellant gases every time the breeches were opened. The Inspector General Administration is a criminal justice agency established in 1972 and expanded in 2015 via Executive Order No. He was, in fact, born in the Electorate of Brunswick-Lneburg (better known by its most important city Hanover), and not Prussia, on November 12, 1775. Try again later. Her anti-aircraft armament consisted of fourteen 10.5cm L/65 and sixteen 3.7cm (1.5in) SK C/30 L/83, and initially ten 2cm (0.79in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The blast also damaged the fuel oil pumps and the bearings in the turbo-generators, which brought the ship to a halt. Translation on Find a Grave is an ongoing project. His humble origins, however, made this impossible in the Hanoverian Army. More on Tiedemann, see Paret, Clausewitz and the State, 186-188 and 225, and Vanya Eftimova Bellinger, Marie von Clausewitz: The Woman Behind the Making of ON WAR (New York: Oxford University Press USA, 2015), 127-128. [64], An hour after making the turn, Bey deployed his destroyers in a line screening Scharnhorst, which remained 10nmi (19km; 12mi) behind. The two ships were forced to put into port during the storm: Scharnhorst went to Gotenhafen while Gneisenau went to Kiel for repairs. During her first operation, Scharnhorst sank the armed merchant HMSRawalpindi in a short engagement (November 1939). This was in accordance with the "hail of fire" theory, which emphasized smaller, rapid firing guns over larger and slower guns. [14] At 16:07, lookouts aboard Scharnhorst spotted the vessel, and less than an hour later Scharnhorst had closed the range. These are necessary if we wish, in all cases that occur, thanks to resemblance in circumstances, to be able to judge to some degree the success of an enterprise and avoid the mistakes experience could discoverif we wish to consult all the special circumstances and among the numerous possibilities to choose the most beneficial ones. Shortly after 08:30 on 8 February, lookouts spotted convoy HX 106, escorted by the battleship Ramillies. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. [4], She was armed with a main battery of nine 28cm (11.1in) L/54.5 guns arranged in three triple gun turrets: two turrets were placed forward in a superfiring arrangement (Anton and Bruno), and one aft (Caesar). It caused significant damage to the ship's propulsion system and slowed the ship to 8 knots (15km/h; 9.2mph). Count Wilhelm zu Schaumburg-Lippe was himself one of the eighteenth centurys advanced military thinkers and educators. The conning tower was protected with 350mm on the sides. [51] The shock damaged the rotating parts of all of the ship's gun turrets, and three of the 15cm turrets were seriously jammed. Landline number (734) 769-8259 . A rather peculiar capital ship, Scharnhorst in World of Warships is officially a battleship, but frequently plays more like a battlecruiser. No one knew how well he would perform in a real war, however. [66], Scharnhorst turned south and attempted to work around the cruisers, but the superior British radar prevented Bey from successfully carrying out the maneuver. Finally promoted to Artillery Captain at age thirty-sixa circumstance largely due to his non-aristocratic originsScharnhorst proved his mettle against French Revolutionary forces in the defense of Menen in present-day Belgium. [23][24] Six minutes after opening fire, Scharnhorst scored a hit at a range of 25,600m (28,000yd; 15.9mi). Gneisenau's Seetakt radar picked up a radar contact at 04:30, which prompted the crews of both vessels to go to combat stations. Yelp is a fun and easy way to find, recommend and talk about what's great and not so great in Neustadt and beyond. [54], On 22 March, Scharnhorst, Tirpitz, and Ltzow steamed to Altafjord for repairs to damage incurred in heavy storms. As a famed officer enjoying offers from other German states, Scharnhorst began negotiations with Prussia for a transfer. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? [3] Next to Whites The Enlightened Soldier: Scharnhorst and the Militarische Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1801-1805, in English you can read more on Scharnhorsts life in Michael Schoy, General Gerhard von Scharnhorst: Mentor of Clausewitz and Father of the Prussian-German General Staff, Canadian Defense Forces Publication. Scharnhorst lacked pedigree, and with his massive head and sturdy body looked nothing like the dashing aristocratic officers who still dominated the Prussian Army. Navigating Prussias rigid social system proved to be just as treacherous. On Prince Augusts colorful life and achievements, Eve Haas and Herzeleide Henning, Prinz August von Preussen (Berlin: Schlapp Verlag, 1988). In the 1807 Peace of Tilsit, Napoleon reduced Prussias territory and population by more than half and limited the size of its army to 42,000 men from originally 200,000 troops. At 16:00 on 14 March, Scharnhorst dropped anchor in Bogen Bay outside Narvik. At 03:19, Bey received instructions from the Fleet Command that Scharnhorst was to conduct the attack alone if heavy seas interfered with the destroyers' ability to fight. While Scharnhorst was en route under heavy escort on 21 June, the British launched two air attacks, six Swordfish torpedo bombers in the first and nine Beaufort bombers in the second. The forward and rear gun turrets were temporarily disabled, along with half of her anti-aircraft battery. Friedrich Hugo Scharnhorst . Ltjens again forbade an attack, but he shadowed the convoy and directed U-boats to attack. The reformers turned their attention to what Trevor N. Dupuy calls a system of institutionalized military excellence.[14] Napoleon was surrounded by capable aides-de-camp, trained in his own school of war, expert in various branches of service able to carry out independent assignments. Long, it represents some of his most enduring concepts friedrich scharnhorst the eighteenth centurys advanced military thinkers and educators was! Its own killed and fifteen were injured in the Arctic Ocean away to disengage from friedrich scharnhorst tankers and... Two days later, and it was determined that the course was toward!, Tirpitz, and it was determined that the course was definitively toward the Soviet Union general. And authority of its own, along with half of her anti-aircraft battery dropped anchor in Bay! 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