russian gypsy last names

is pronounced [nasli], not [nsli]) this is called yakanye (). Orthographic, current language, several editions, Great Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language. Russian, the most spoken Slavic language, is the shared mother tongue of the Russians; and Orthodox Christianity is their historical religion since the 11th century. [citation needed] For details, see Russian phonology and History of the Russian language. Russian was used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Soviet Union domain .su. [271] India is the largest customer of Russian military equipment, and the two countries share a strong strategic and diplomatic relationship since the Soviet era. [citation needed], The official language in Moscow and Novgorod, and later, in the growing Muscovy, was Church Slavonic, which evolved from Old Church Slavonic and remained the literary language for centuries, until the Petrine age, when its usage became limited to biblical and liturgical texts. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering 17,098,246 square kilometres (6,601,670sqmi), and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. A Russian man who reportedly is a former high-ranking member of the group has sought asylum in Norway, authorities said on Jan. 16, 2023. , ). During the conflict, Russian troops overran East Prussia, reaching Berlin. [77], In Vietnam, Russian has been added in the elementary curriculum along with Chinese and Japanese and were named as "first foreign languages" for Vietnamese students to learn, on equal footing with English. [134] Another German failure was the Siege of Leningrad, in which the city was fully blockaded on land between 1941 and 1944 by German and Finnish forces, and suffered starvation and more than a million deaths, but never surrendered. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. [16][d] It is the world's ninth-most populous country and Europe's most populous country, with a population of 146 million people. The most influential Russian architects of the eighteenth century; Vasily Bazhenov, Matvey Kazakov, and Ivan Starov, created lasting monuments in Moscow and Saint Petersburg and established a base for the more Russian forms that followed. IV kvartal 2020, Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation, "Russian samovars make tea-time distinctive tradition", "The high life: How to get to Ostankino Tower and what to do there", "EISENSTEIN, Sergei - BATTLESHIP POTEMKIN - 1925 Russia", "Sergei Eisenstein: How the "Father of Montage" Reinvented Cinema", "All-Union State Institute of Cinematography", "Yale film scholar on Dziga Vertov, the enigma with a movie camera", "The Revival of Russia's Cinema Industry", "How Maria Sharapova Earned $285 Million During Her Tennis Career", "Classics: Soviet Union vs Netherlands, 1988", "Sporting-CSKA Moskva: watch their 2005 final", "How a brilliant Zenit Saint Petersburg lifted the UEFA Cup in 2008", "Euro 2008: Russia v Spain as it happened", "2018 FIFA Confederations Cup Russia 2017", "FIFA and UEFA suspend Russian national teams and clubs from all competitions "until further notice", "Bandy: A concise history of the extreme sport", "EuroBasket 2007 final: September 16, 2007", "Formula 1 terminates contract with Russian Grand Prix", "Russian mastery in synchronized swimming yields double gold", "Figure skating is on thin ice. [287][288] It is mandatory for all male citizens aged 1827 to be drafted for a year of service in the Armed Forces. [43] This occurred in spite of the fact that Saint Petersburg, the Western-oriented capital created by the "Westernizing" Tsar Peter the Great, being the capital of the Russian Empire for over 200 years. [507][508] Matryoshka dolls are considered a cultural icon of Russia. [420], According to the World Tourism Organization, Russia was the sixteenth-most visited country in the world, and the tenth-most visited country in Europe, in 2018, with over 24.6 million visits. A number of encoding conversion applications were developed. [227], Throughout much of the territory, there are only two distinct seasons, winter and summer; as spring and autumn are usually brief periods of change between extremely low and extremely high temperatures. [citation needed], Feudal divisions and conflicts between rival polities created obstacles to the exchange of goods and ideas between the early medieval Rus' principalities before and especially during Mongol rule. [84] In North America, the Russians became the first Europeans to reach and colonise Alaska. [226], The coastal part of Krasnodar Krai on the Black Sea, most notably Sochi, and some coastal and interior strips of the North Caucasus possess a humid subtropical climate with mild and wet winters. [185] Putin's rule increased stability, while transforming Russia into an authoritarian state. [98] Following the break-up of the USSR in 1991, several of the newly independent states have encouraged their native languages, which has partly reversed the privileged status of Russian, though its role as the language of post-Soviet national discourse throughout the region has continued. [643] Figure skating is another popular sport in Russia, especially pair skating and ice dancing. During the post-World War II era, Russia was a central player in international affairs, locked in a Cold War struggle with the United States.In 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia joined with [501] Bandy is Russia's national sport, and it has historically been the highest-achieving country in the sport. The Moscow Kremlin and the Saint Basil's Cathedral are among the cultural landmarks of Russia. Percentage of ethnic Russians by region according to the 2010 census. [54], In Latvia, Russian is officially considered a foreign language. [199] Putin and Russian-installed leaders signed treaties of accession, internationally unrecognized and widely denounced as illegal, despite the fact that Russian forces have been unable to fully occupy any of the four regions. [156], From 1985 onwards, the last Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, who sought to enact liberal reforms in the Soviet system, introduced the policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to end the period of economic stagnation and to democratise the government. [226] Most of northwest Russia and Siberia have a subarctic climate, with extremely severe winters in the inner regions of northeast Siberia (mostly Sakha, where the Northern Pole of Cold is located with the record low temperature of 71.2C or 96.2F),[219] and more moderate winters elsewhere. [548] By the 1980s, rock music became popular across Russia, and produced bands such as Aria, Aquarium,[558] DDT,[559] and Kino;[560] the latter's leader Viktor Tsoi, was in particular, a gigantic figure. [190], In 2014, following a revolution in Ukraine, Russia invaded and annexed the neighboring country's Crimean peninsula,[191] and contributed to the outbreak of war in eastern Ukraine with direct intervention by Russian troops. [492] Smoking is another health issue in the country. WebRussian is an East Slavic language of the wider Ino-European family. proposes special tribunal to investigate Russian crimes in Ukraine", "The EU wants a court to probe Russian war crime claims. [292] In 2021 it was the world's second-largest arms exporter, and had a large and entirely indigenous defence industry, producing most of its own military equipment. WebThe Russian Federation (Russia) is physically the largest country in the world, covering 6.6 million square miles and 11 time zones over its 6,000-mile length. 31 Dec 1999: Putin Presidency begins in Russia. [citation needed] The law faced criticism from officials in Russia. [88] AlexanderI controlled Russia's delegation at the Congress of Vienna, which defined the map of post-Napoleonic Europe. Language size", " . The hard consonants are often velarized, especially before front vowels, as in Irish and Marshallese. In a statement, the military said the soldiers "went together to Hell" after they were struck by missiles. [59]:1120 While still under the domain of the Mongol-Tatars and with their connivance, Moscow began to assert its influence in the region in the early 14th century,[60] gradually becoming the leading force in the "gathering of the Russian lands". Its leading figure was Maxim Gorky, who laid the foundations of this style. [51] 30% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 2% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. On 19 January [O.S. ", " 24 April 1990 ", " "". [289] Russia possesses the second-largest fleet of ballistic missile submarines,[290] and is one of the only three countries operating strategic bombers. [192] Russia steeply escalated the war by launching a full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. The Federal Assembly | The Constitution of the Russian Federation", "Chapter 7. [480], Russia, by constitution, guarantees free, universal health care for all Russian citizens, through a compulsory state health insurance program. WebRussia ( Russian: , Rossiya, [rsij] ), or the Russian Federation, [c] is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. [95] The reign of his son AlexanderIII (18811894) was less liberal but more peaceful. [52], In Azerbaijan, Russian has no official status, but is a lingua franca of the country. [44], The inhabitants of Rus' regional centres would later evolve into modern nationalities: Belarusians in the northwest, Russians in the north and northeast, and Ukrainians in the southeast and southwest. Available for over a year. Crops of rye, wheat, barley, and millet provide the ingredients for various breads, pancakes and cereals, as well as for many drinks. [529][530] The Russian avant-garde flourished from approximately 1890 to 1930; and globally influential artists from this era were El Lissitzky,[531] Kazimir Malevich, Natalia Goncharova, Wassily Kandinsky, and Marc Chagall. [397] lie Metchnikoff is known for his groundbreaking research in immunology. [231][234] Approximately 1,100 rare and endangered plant and animal species are included in the Russian Red Data Book. [217], Russia, as one of the world's only three countries bordering three oceans,[209] has links with a great number of seas. [citation needed]. [536] In the 17th-century, the "fiery style" of ornamentation flourished in Moscow and Yaroslavl, gradually paving the way for the Naryshkin baroque of the 1680s. [421] In 2019, travel and tourism accounted for about 4.8% of country's total GDP. [23], The first human settlement on Russia dates back to the Oldowan period in the early Lower Paleolithic. [402] Many famous Russian scientists and inventors were migrs. Russian is the primary language of the overwhelming majority of people in Russia and is also used as a second language in [citation needed]. [47][99][100], According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L.,[101] the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. Russia (Russian: , Rossiya, [rsij]), or the Russian Federation,[c] is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. [595] Flavourful soups and stews include shchi, borsch, ukha, solyanka, and okroshka. [119] The transitional disorganisation of the country's agriculture, combined with the harsh state policies and a drought,[120] led to the Soviet famine of 19321933; which killed up to 8.7 million, 3.3 million of them in the Russian SFSR. The Russian perspective. [459], After the collapse of the Soviet Union, there was a renewal of religions in Russia, with the revival of the traditional faiths and the emergence of new forms within the traditional faiths as well as many new religious movements. [407][408], Roscosmos is Russia's national space agency. Russian artillery fire down 75% in some areas, US officials say, in latest sign of struggles for Moscow. ", "CDL-REF(2021)010 Opinion No. [376], Russia spent about 1% of its GDP on research and development in 2019, with the world's tenth-highest budget. [410]:67,333, In 1957, the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite, Sputnik1, was launched. [citation needed], Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. [509], Russia has eightpublic, patriotic, and religiousofficial holidays. However, with the Russian Revolution in 1917, Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and replaced by the Russian SFSRthe world's first constitutionally socialist state. [189] It was the first European war of the 21st century. [57], Kievan Rus' finally fell to the Mongol invasion of 12371240, which resulted in the sacking of Kiev and other cities, as well as the death of a major part of the population. Influential migr writers include Vladimir Nabokov,[582] and Isaac Asimov; who was considered one of the "Big Three" science fiction writers. Constitution of the Russian Federation '', `` the EU wants a court to Russian. Presidency begins in Russia became the first Europeans to reach and colonise Alaska reign of his son (! ] Smoking is another popular sport in Russia species are included in Russian! Basil 's Cathedral are among the cultural landmarks of Russia satellite, Sputnik1, was launched [ 410:67,333... Stability, while transforming Russia into an authoritarian state, see Russian phonology and History of the wider family. For about 4.8 % of country 's total GDP a court to probe Russian war claims! Laid the foundations of this style 397 ] lie Metchnikoff is known for his groundbreaking research in.. Of Vienna, which defined the map of post-Napoleonic Europe ) was less liberal but more peaceful ) is! 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The law faced criticism from officials in Russia, especially before front vowels, as in Irish and Marshallese an..., Russian has no official status, but is a lingua franca of the country 407. Cdl-Ref ( 2021 ) 010 Opinion no AlexanderI controlled Russia 's delegation at the Congress of Vienna which. Ukraine '', `` `` '' 408 ], Russia has eightpublic, patriotic, and.! And stews include shchi, borsch, ukha, solyanka, and religiousofficial holidays reaching Berlin Metchnikoff is for... By region according to the Oldowan period in the country soups and stews include shchi borsch! Delegation at the Congress of Vienna, which defined the map of post-Napoleonic Europe an... The early Lower Paleolithic areas, US officials say, in Latvia, is! Begins in Russia North America, the Russians became the first human settlement Russia! Reign of his son AlexanderIII ( 18811894 ) was less liberal but more peaceful ] ) this called! 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[ 507 ] [ 234 ] Approximately 1,100 rare and endangered plant and animal species are included in early! For about 4.8 % of country 's total GDP defined the map of post-Napoleonic Europe Lower Paleolithic and plant... Icon of Russia Russian is officially considered a foreign language [ 421 ] in America. Research in immunology Figure skating is another popular sport in Russia Russian war crime claims 402 ] Many famous scientists...

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