safe operation of a smart power system

Transportation systems, including military and commercial aircraft and land and sea vessels, depend on communication and energy networks. } This challenge is further complicated by the fact that the North American electric power grid may be considered as the largest and most complex machine in the world: its transmission lines connect all the electric generation and distribution on the continent. Facilities that rely on access control, CCTV surveillance, and other security systems often overlook a piece of their system that can shut down the entire system if it isnt properly maintained: battery backup. The results of a 2007 McAfee survey highlight the pervasiveness of such attacks. They therefore provide an excellent reference point for an analysis of cybervulnerability. Currently, there are very few automatic railway crossing systems available . 'page_path': arguments[2], hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; border: none !important; 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 1) Non-malicious attackers who view the security and operation of the system as a puzzle to be cracked. if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { Energy & Power [3]. No electrician needed. Still, Mr. Edison would be just as astonished as Mr. Graham Bell with the present power grid technology as it is today. function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { Additionally, intra-campus communication conductors, such as those used for intra-system communications or status alarms, will also need to be protected like telecommunication conductors in accordance with the local electrical code or practices. window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/magazine.ieee-pes.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.1.1"}}; return false; Regarding recent cyberthreat reports, it is fundamental to separate the hype from the truth. Press and hold the power button for 3 seconds. IEC 62368-1 is the new hazard-based safety engineering standard covering audio/video, information and communication technology equipment. :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;} Initial systems were open-framed basic systems ranging from 5.5kW to 10kW. Prerequisite: A BS in Electrical Engineering or equivalent knowledge and experience. (a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(e=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(c(e.twemoji),c(e.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); var p = Tracker.prototype; } However, design engineers are also responsible for ensuring electrical systems are designed with safety in mind. function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { The various elements considered by CIGRE include security domains, baseline controls, and security processes. Accounting for all critical assets includes thousands of transformers, line reactors, series capacitors, and transmission lines. History of Evolution (v) Value - refers to our ability to extract valuable information from the huge amount of data and derive a clear understanding of the value it brings. For the operating temperature, the temperature at which an uncontrolled exotherm will occur under plant conditions is first defined. As a result, cybersecurity is just as important as physical security, if not more so. 1799 N. Clinton Avenue, Smart Power Systems began making hydraulic generators for the fire industry in 1995. It can serve as a guidance for those working within multiple domains related to smart grid and smart grid systems and even for readers interested in understanding what the Smart Grid is,. A security framework is considered as the skeleton on which various elements are integrated for the appropriate management of security risk. parameters.send_to = exactmetrics_frontend.ua; A complex set of interconnected webs (source: EPRI, 2002present). var gaMap = { 166 Smart Grid Safety and Security: Educational and Research Activities Disturbances in smart grid operation can originate from natural disasters, failures, human factors, terrorism, and so on. Energy Security, June 2009. Since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, several steps have been taken and initiatives accomplished to enhance the security and reliability of the nations current electricity infrastructure. Today, security patches often are not supplied to end users, or users are not applying the patches, as they fear they will affect system performance. if (len === 0) { This state-of-the-art safety standard classifies energy sources, prescribes safeguards against those energy sources, and provides guidance on the application of, and requirements for those safeguards. Nevertheless, the goal of transforming the current infrastructures into self-healing energy delivery, computer, and communications networks with unprecedented robustness, reliability, efficiency, and quality for customers and our society is ambitious. Safety of smart Grid Data Security: . Virtually every crucial economic and social function depends on the secure and reliable operation of these infrastructures. 3038, Jul./Aug. A model representation of a population of battery energy storage system (BESS)-based DERs such as smart electric vehicles (EVs) charging, large-scale BESSs, and residential and non-residential BESSs, are highlighted. NIST, Guidelines for smart grid cyber security, The Smart Grid Interoperability PanelCyber Security Working Group, NISTIR 7628, Gaithersburg, MD, Aug. 2010. To help prevent this vulnerability, ensure the presence of battery backup coverage for all devices in your security system. 95 Daniel Smart King Skull Bell (1) By some accounts, 13 is a sacred number offering its own innate level of safety, so this bell featuring 13 skulls wearing helmets makes a wonderful gift for any man or woman who rides. In addition to the physical threats to such centers and the communication links that flow in and out of them, one must be concerned about two other factors: the reliability of the operators within the centers and the possibility that insecure code has been added to a program in a center computer. } Accidents frequently happen at railway crossings due to the lack of quickly operating gate systems, and to fewer safety measures at the railway crossing as well. */ The diversity and lack of interoperability among the various communication protocols cause problems for anyone who tries to establish secure communication to and from a substation. hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; Despite some similarities, the electric power grid is quite different from gas, oil, and water networks: phase shifters rather than valves are used, and there is no way to store significant amounts of electricity. Currently, in the United States alone it is estimated that US$6 billion is lost by electricity providers to consumer fraud in the electric grid. Safe operation of a batch reactor requires close monitoring and control of reactant and additive flows to the reactor, of the operating temperature and of the agitation. height: 1em !important; , lets end-users monitor power consumption for security systems proactively, spotting and reporting outages and other problems before they occur. 624631. OPERATION Ensure batteries are installed (refer to battery wiring section). return []; Containment of batteries capable of producing excessive heat during breakdown or thermal runaway. window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; This may mean putting telecommunication protectorsprimary (voltage) or secondary (power-cross) at each end of a campus-run communication conductor where there exist an exposure to lightning or to accidental contact with electric power conductors. 2004. Smart GridSafe, Secure, Self-Healing | IEEE Power & Energy Magazine It may be necessary to use surge protection devices, either integral to the equipment, or externally connected to limit transient voltages from Overvoltage Category III and IV to Overvoltage Category II. Also, as the amount of off-theshelf, commercially-available ITE sub-components increases in the charging station, it becomes more infeasible to simply increase the spacings or the quality of insulation. Bangladesh's railway system mostly uses typical manual railway crossing techniques or boom gates through its 2955.53 km rail route all over the country. [5], SAFETY OF UTILITY-OWNED SMART-GRID EQUIPMENT, As is the case today, we would expect safety of utility-owned smart-grid equipment located within the power generation or transmission circuits, up to and including the service conductors to the customers buildings to continue to be evaluated for safety in accordance with basic utility-safety standards or Codes. With Smart Power Systems, you'll be able to maximize your space and your system operations in the most efficient and effective manner through a unique computer grade-filtering option. The power system includes the devices connected to the system like the synchronous generator, motor, transformer, circuit breaker, conductor, etc. In order to protect electric infrastructure from the threats outlined above, several layers of security are needed to minimize disruptions to system operations. As these separate technologies become merged, much of the safety considerations will have to be merged and reconciled as well, particularly at interfaces. They incorporated a sensor network into the new I-35W bridge (at less than 0.5% of total cost) that provides full -situational awareness of stressors, fatigue, material, and chemical changes, so as to measure and understand the precursors to failure and to enable proactive and corrective actions. } if (!parameters) { } Electric terrorism: grid component targets, 19942004 (source: Journal of Energy Security). The Handbook of Research on Smart Power System Operation and Control is a collection of innovative research on the theoretical and practical developments in smart power system operation and control that takes into account both smart grid and micro-grid systems. In the electric power industry and other critical infrastructures, new ways are being sought to improve network efficiency by eliminating congestion problems without seriously diminishing reliability and security. Definition: The power system is a network which consists generation, distribution and transmission system. var newtracker = function () { 'developer_id.dNDMyYj': true, One security feature alone, such as encryption, will not be able to cover all the possible security threats. Online Asynchronous.This course is entirely web-based and to be completed asynchronously between the published course start and end dates. There are no sections of this course currently scheduled. They provide safe load control switching to ground for resistive and inductive loads depending on the control voltage. S. Massoud Amin and Anthony M. Giacomoni. Much work remains to be done, however, to create standards that, when implemented, will adequately protect the grid from cyberattacks. padding: 0 !important; We witnessed the significance of proper operation planning on March 20, 2015, during the total solar . Energy, telecommunications, transportation, and financial infrastructures are becoming increasingly interconnected, thus posing new challenges for their secure, reliable, and efficient operation. The century-old power grid is the largest interconnected machine on earth. The usage of SPFC is required at each level of distribution, transmission and generation systems in a clustered form. } } Secure and reliable operation of the electric system is fundamental to national and international economic systems, security, and quality of life. The days and months that followed required extraordinary efforts from many, including alumni of the University of Minnesotas infrastructure systems engineering program. These include the Complex Interactive Networks/Systems Initiative (CIN/SI), a joint program sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD); EPRIs Enterprise Information Security (EIS) program; EPRIs post9/11 Infrastructure Security Initiative (ISI); and various North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) initiatives, such as its information sharing and analysis centers (ISACs), public key infrastructure (PKI), and spare equipment database. Ultraflex SmartPower Compac Systems are a breakthrough innovation in induction heating technology, featuring the Direct Digital Step control algorithm and a unique configurable modular approach. Due to the gravity of these threats, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) policy statement on the smart grid states that cybersecurity is essential to the operation of the smart grid and that the development of cybersecurity standards is a key priority. window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; Americans should not accept or learn to cope with increasing blackouts, nor should we rest on the notion that the technical know-how, political will, or money to bring our power grid up to 21st century standards do not exist. Information technology equipment, on the other hand, is generally utilized in Overvoltage Category II environments, or connected to outlets on branch circuits a safe distance away from the service equipment. Send questions or comments to the Webmaster. box-shadow: none !important; While some of the operations on the system are automatic, human operators in system control centers ultimately make the decisions and take the actions that control the operations of the system. Smart power systems improve the security of equipment, protected assets and people. 9, no. Outages and faults will cause serious problems and failures in the interconnected power systems, propagating into critical infrastruc- Smart switch applications Smart switches can be used in numerous applications, with motor and LED drivers being among the most common. The threats posed by insiders are real, as is the risk of a Trojan horse embedded in the software of one of more of the control centers. This is not new: both the importance and the difficulty of protecting power systems have long been recognized. Without a doubt, the expectation from the power generation and transmission industry is realization of efficiencies. img.emoji { Currently, Nick is the president of Electric Power & Energy Consulting (EPEC)and an adjunct professor withUC San Diego. hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], } Communications The interdependency analyses done by most companies in the last 1214 years (starting with the preparations for Y2K and continuing after the tragic events of 9/11) have identified these links and the systems vulnerability to their failure. Our complete line of power solutions give you the reassurance of knowing that no matter what issues come your way, your equipment will be safe. Links between the power grid and telecommunications systems as well as between electrical power lines and oil, water, and gas pipelines continue to be the lynchpins of energy supply networks. The Internet, computer networks, and our digital economy have all increased the demand for reliable and disturbance-free electricity; banking and finance depend on the robustness of electric power, cable, and wireless telecommunications infrastructure. Battery technologies such as lithium ion or valve-regulated lead acid batteries are the most likely present technologies to be used, though advanced batteries such as sodium batteries may be considered. __gtagDataLayer(type, name, parameters); It uses a 32-bit microcontroller to effectively monitor the fire hazards that may occur in the protected electrical circuit due to leakage, temperature, and current overload, and handles the remaining current in real time. var pes_sso_base_url = "https:\/\/securesso.ieee.org\/ieeevendorsso\/"; Smart and Safe Power Alarm System . Layered security (or defense in depth) involves strategically combining multiple security technologies at each layer of a computing system in order to reduce the risk of unauthorized access due to the failure of any single security technology. To inquire about advertising in the online and/or print version of Power & Energy Magazine, please, masking the real by making a relevant object undetectable or blending it into background irrelevance, repackaging, which hides the real by making a relevant object appear to be something it isnt, dazzling, which hides the real by making the identification of a relevant object less certain by confusing the adversary about its true nature, inventing the false by creating a perception that a relevant object exists when it doesnt, mimicking, which invents the false by presenting characteristics of an actual and relevant object, decoying, which displays the false so as to attract attention away from a more relevant object, fabricating generated energy meter readings, disrupting the load balance of local systems by suddenly increasing or decreasing the demand for power, gaining control of millions of meters and simultaneously shutting them down, disabling grid control center computer systems and monitors, monitoring and analysis, automation and control, materials science, power electronics, and integrated distributed energy resources (DERs). trackers: {}, Additionally, the charging station terminal where the user pays for and plugs in his electric vehicle needs to be made safe so that unskilled persons may use the station. Safety is a critical priority in NASA's use of RPS, and is integrated into every phase of the design, test, manufacture, and operation of space nuclear systems. These smart power systems yield a 77% increase in efficiency, lower the total cost of ownership, and gather data about the health of power, battery backup, and critical access control and security devices. a fault, electrical power is supplied from the installed DGs, and an optimized reconguration is demonstrated in some congurations. The Smart Power System is available in two sizes: SPS-600 (600W . He is an iNARTE Certified Product Safety Engineer. [4] This would be until IEC 62368-1 becomes adopted by national standards committees. Energy storage systems are utilized for managing the peak power demand of the consumer load prole by discharging power during peak hours. Reliable operation of the electric system is available in two sizes: SPS-600 (.. 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